If untreated, vitamin b12 deficiency can have severe consequences – including neurological problems like nerve damage, blood diseases like anemia, and physical impairments. Even though the average adult only needs about 2.4 micrograms of vitamin b12 a day, many people don’t get enough from their diet or supplements.
The lack of vitamin b12 is even more prevalent in those who follow a vegan or a vegetarian diet or live with a condition that interferes with nutrient absorption.
Furthermore, vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms are varied and common among other conditions as well; thus, most people easily overlook the signs of a vitamin deficiency until it’s too late. Don’t be one of them!
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In this video Doctor Andrea Furlan explains why is Vitamin B12 so important, and how to diagnose its deficiency. The talks about megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia and microcytic anemia. She also talks about the blood tests and normal ranges. She explains how to obtain Vitamin B12 from diet and supplementation, including oral, sublingual and intra-muscular injections.
00:00 Introduction
00:55 Why is Vitamin B12 important
01:12 Normal blood test
01:23 Anemia
02:13 Homocysteine test
02:33 Recommended daily intake
02:54 Dietary sources
03:19 Malabsorption
03:35 Pernicious anemia
04:20 Pain
04:54 Severe deficiency
05:17 Interaction with other medications
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ALERT: This video is not intended to replace medical
advice. If you think you have a condition that is
causing you pain, please consult with your doctor
to get a diagnosis and a treatment plan for you.
The intent of this video is only for educational
purposes.
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Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur in all kinds of individuals. It may be of particular concern if you are following a vegan or vegetarian diet, or taking medications that reduce your absorption ability of vitamins. This video looks at what exactly a vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to and the ways in which you can obtain vitamin B12 through your diet or by taking B12 supplements.
This video was created by Demystifying Medicine students Dhruvika Joshi, Prabhjot Khabra, Minahil Jabeen and Vanessa Lombardo.
Copyright McMaster University 2017
References:
1. Bruins Slot, W., Merkus, F. W., Deventer, S. J. H. V., & Tytgat, G. N. (1997). Normalization of plasma vitamin B12 concentration by intranasal hydroxocobalamin in vitamin B12-deficient patients. Gastroenterology, 113, 430-433.
2. Daily Intake. (2017). Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Retrieved 30 October 2017, from http://www.inspection.gc.ca.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/food/labelling/food-labelling-for-industry/nutrition-labelling/information-within-the-nutrition-facts-table/eng/1389198568400/1389198597278?chap=6
3. Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B b6 s, folate, vitamin B b12 s, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. (1998) (pp. 306-356). Washington, D.C.
4. Ermens, A., Vlasveld, L., & Lindemans, J. (2003). Significance of elevated cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels in blood. Clinical Biochemistry,36(8), 585-590. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.08.004
5. Ganeson, S., Thanawala, N., & Hussain, N. (2013). Vitamin B12 deficiency: a treatable cause of developmental delay in infancy. J Paediatric Child Health, 49(4): E348-349. doi: 10.1111/jpc.12158
6. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism: Fourth Edition. Boston, MA: Wadsworth (2004).
7. Hashim, O. H., & Adnan, N. A. (1994). Coenzyme, cofactor and prosthetic group — Ambiguous biochemical jargon. Biochemical Education,22(2), 93-94. doi:10.1016/0307-4412(94)90088-4
8. Hvas, A., & Nexo, E. (2006). Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. An update. Haematologica, 91(11), 1506-1512.
9. Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. (1998). Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. National Academies Press (US).
10. Kwong, J. C., Carr, D., Dhalla, I. A., Tom-Kun, D., & Upshur, R. E. (2005). Oral vitamin B 12 therapy in the primary care setting: a qualitative and quantitative study of patient perspectives. BMC family practice, 6(1), 8.
11. . Langan, R. C., & Goodbred, A. J. (2017). Vitamin B 12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management. American Family Physician, 96(6).
12.. Miller, A., Korem, M., Almog, R., & Galboiz, Y. (2005). Vitamin B12, demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences,233(1-2), 93-97. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.03.009
13. Møllehave, L. T., Skaaby, T., Simonsen, K. S., Thuesen, B. H., Mortensen, E. L., Sandholt, C. H., … & Linneberg, A. (2017). Association studies of genetic scores of serum vitamin B12 and folate levels with symptoms of depression and anxiety in two danish population studies. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(9), 1054-1060.
14. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2011). What are the signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia? Retrieved from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/prnanmia/signs
15. Niculescu, M., & Zeisel, S. (2002). Diet, Methyl Donors and DNA Methylation: Interactions between Dietary Folate, Methionine and Choline. The Journal of Nutrition,132, 2333-2335.
16. Oh, R., & Brown, D. (2003). Vitamin B12 Deficiency. American Family Physician, 67(5), 979-986. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/afp/2003/0301/p979.html
17. Osimani, A., Berger, A., Friedman, J., Porat-Katz, B. S., & Abarbanel, J. M. (2005). Neuropsychology of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in elderly dementia patients and control subjects. Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology, 18(1), 33-38.
18. Vogiatzoglou, A., Smith, A. D., Nurk, E., Berstad, P., Drevon, C. A., Ueland, P. M., … & Refsum, H. (2009). Dietary sources of vitamin B-12 and their association with plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations in the general population: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 89(4), 1078-1087.
19. Whitney, E., Rolfes, S., Hammond, G., & Piche, L. (2011). Understanding Nutrition (1st ed., pp. 332-334). Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd.
What are the benefits of Vitamin B? What are the symptoms of Vitamin B deficiency? What are Vitamin B rich foods? Are there any easy sources of Vitamin B complex? What are the types of Vitamin B? Who is prone to Vitamin B deficiency? Dr Rajesh Bhardwaj, a senior ENT specialist, tells us all about Vitamin B and its supplementation.
Introduction
Sometimes, certain people may be deficient in Vitamin B. There are some signs that are
indicative of a deficiency of Vitamin B complex. A simple blood test is done to determine your
serum B complex levels and that will tell you whether you are deficient and if you're deficient
you can take supplementation!
Understanding Vitamin B
Vitamin B Complex is a large group of vitamins – Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12.
They are also called by their individual names Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid,
Pyridoxine, Biotin, Folic Acid and Cobalamin.
Importance of Vitamin B
They are all important for bodily functions. They are the building blocks of the human body and
are critical for the human body function. They are responsible for cellular metabolism,
maintaining mental activities and energy levels. Vitamin B complex helps build up red blood
cells or hemoglobin, enables us to have good vision, maintains good cellular function, and are
responsible for neural and muscular functions. They create and help us to have a good appetite.
They are responsible for heart function. Very importantly, pregnant women need a sufficient
amount of Vitamin B Complex for the fetus to develop well, without defects.
Signs of deficiency
These are skin rashes, cracks around the mouth like dryness and cracking scaly lesions on the
lips, swollen tongue, fatigue, weakness, anaemia, irritability or depression, sometimes mental
confusion, Nausea, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. These are some of the common
symptoms of vitamin B complex deficiency.
People who are prone to Vitamin B deficiency
People who are more at risk of developing vitamin B complex deficiency are those who have
celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic alcohol users and sometimes, people with rheumatoid
arthritis and Crohn's disease and HIV. People with these diseases may not be able to absorb
enough vitamin B complex from the intestine and they suffer from deficiencies.
Sources of Vitamin B
Vitamin B12 is readily available to us in a variety of food forms from milk, cheese, eggs and
meat. It is also available to us in green leafy vegetables like spinach. You can also get it from
cereals like wheat germ. It is readily available in nutritional yeast, nuts and seeds, which have
plenty of vitamin B complex. Also, fruits such as citrus fruits, banana and watermelon contain
good quantities of Vitamin B complex.
Do we need vitamin B complex supplementation?
As we have seen most of us get it from our daily food and we do not need supplementation.
There are certain situations where you might need to supplement particularly those who suffer
from chronic alcoholism. Additionally, pregnant ladies may need extra folic acid so that they can
have healthy babies. Those who eat a purely vegetarian diet can sometimes be nutritionally
deficient and sometimes they may be deficient in Vitamin B. Video Rating: / 5
