Reza Jahan, MD
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
Professor
Division of Interventional Neuroradiology
Member of Interventional Spine Program
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
University of California, Los Angeles
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Dr Taher Mahmud of the London Osteoporosis Clinic discusses arthritis and its symptoms, treatment, and diagnosis.
Find out more about arthritis and how it can be prevented: https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/doctor/taher-mahmud
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Joint Pain is nothing but the Joint inflammation, which causes due to the wear and tear of the joint. There are many joints in the human body, and it can appear in any part and leave you irritated with the continuous pain. There are certain medications available that reduce the pain and inflammation, but the treatment is lifelong.
Dr. Nitiraj Oberoi, Consultant-Orthopedic Surgeon, Dharamshila Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi talks about the Joint Pain Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options. He also emphasizes the need for following a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of Joint Pain and inflammation.
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Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes painful conditions associated with the knee, the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests and special maneuvers, and treatment options.
Common knee problems:
Patellar chondromalacia
•chronic pain due to softening of the cartilage beneath the kneecap.
•Chronic knee pain from mild to complete erosion of the cartilage in the back of the kneecap.
•Pain in the front of the knee.
•Occurs more in young people.
•Becomes worse from climbing up and down the stairs.
•Treatment: usually therapy, NSAIDS.
Patellar bursitis
•Pain and inflammation located in the front of the kneecap.
•The bursa becomes inflamed and fills with fluid at the top of the knee.
•Causes pain, swelling, tenderness and a lump in the area on top of the kneecap.
Ligament injury
Lateral collateral ligament rupture: usually occurs as a result of sports activities.
Medial collateral ligament rupture: injury to the ligament on the inner part of the knee. The most commonly injured knee ligament.
Anterior cruciate ligament tear:
•involves a valgus stress to the knee.
•Usually the patient will have swelling and hematoma.
•Lachman’s test is positive.
•MRI is diagnostic.
Patellar tendonitis
•Inflammation and pain located inferior to the knee cap area.
Meniscal Tear
•Meniscus is a cushion that protects the cartilage of the knee.
•Injury will cause pain on the medial or lateral side of the knee.
•Outer 30% of meniscus has blood supply.
•mcMurrays test is positive.
•History of locking, swelling and instability of the knee.
•MRI is helpful.
Arthritis of the knee joint
•Characterized by progressive wearing away of the cartilage of the joint.
•The knee is a common part of the body that is most affected by arthritis.
•Decreased joint space.
Baker’s cyst
•Swelling in the back of the knee filled with synovial fluid.
•Cyst between the semimembranous and medial gastrocnemius muscles.
Gout
•Type of arthritis or joint inflammation caused by an excessive level of uric acid in the blood.
•Can affect any joint especially the big toe.
•Crystals look like needles and have a negative birefringence.
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“GAS or streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of acute tonsillitis.
Here is a mouth with pharyngotonsilitis, inflammation of both the pharynx and tonsils. Here is a photo of bacterial tonsillitis. Pharyngotonsillitis caused by GAS is sometimes referred to as strep throat. The majority of episodes of pharyngitis are caused by viral infections which are usually treated conservatively. However, early recognition of s.pyogenes is important since failure to appropriately treat strep throat may lead to GAS complications. Unfortunately, distinguishing between viral and bacteria can be difficult.
The group a streptococcus are beta haemolytic cocci able to produce some exotoxins and also contain many surface antigens that play a vital role in its pathophysiology such as m proteins. Transmission of strep throat is through saliva and nasal secretion from an infected person.”
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The onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis is very gradual. Often the symptoms are worse in the morning and improve as the day goes on. Because of inflammation, many patents experience restlessness at night and can have flu-like fatigue, fevers, and aches. In this video, Dr. Uzma Haque, a physician at the Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, discusses the signs and symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
What are the benefits of Vitamin B? What are the symptoms of Vitamin B deficiency? What are Vitamin B rich foods? Are there any easy sources of Vitamin B complex? What are the types of Vitamin B? Who is prone to Vitamin B deficiency? Dr Rajesh Bhardwaj, a senior ENT specialist, tells us all about Vitamin B and its supplementation.
Video Breakdown:
0:33 What is Vitamin B
0:55 Importance of Vitamin B
1:45 Vitamin B Deficiency
2:16 Prone to Vitamin B Deficiency
2:34 Sources of Vitamin B
3:10 Vitamin B Supplementation
#vitaminbsources #vitaminbdeficiency #vitaminbcomplex
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Video Transcript:
Introduction
Sometimes, certain people may be deficient in Vitamin B. There are some signs that are
indicative of a deficiency of Vitamin B complex. A simple blood test is done to determine your
serum B complex levels and that will tell you whether you are deficient and if you're deficient
you can take supplementation!
Understanding Vitamin B
Vitamin B Complex is a large group of vitamins – Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12.
They are also called by their individual names Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid,
Pyridoxine, Biotin, Folic Acid and Cobalamin.
Importance of Vitamin B
They are all important for bodily functions. They are the building blocks of the human body and
are critical for the human body function. They are responsible for cellular metabolism,
maintaining mental activities and energy levels. Vitamin B complex helps build up red blood
cells or hemoglobin, enables us to have good vision, maintains good cellular function, and are
responsible for neural and muscular functions. They create and help us to have a good appetite.
They are responsible for heart function. Very importantly, pregnant women need a sufficient
amount of Vitamin B Complex for the fetus to develop well, without defects.
Signs of deficiency
These are skin rashes, cracks around the mouth like dryness and cracking scaly lesions on the
lips, swollen tongue, fatigue, weakness, anaemia, irritability or depression, sometimes mental
confusion, Nausea, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. These are some of the common
symptoms of vitamin B complex deficiency.
People who are prone to Vitamin B deficiency
People who are more at risk of developing vitamin B complex deficiency are those who have
celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic alcohol users and sometimes, people with rheumatoid
arthritis and Crohn's disease and HIV. People with these diseases may not be able to absorb
enough vitamin B complex from the intestine and they suffer from deficiencies.
Sources of Vitamin B
Vitamin B12 is readily available to us in a variety of food forms from milk, cheese, eggs and
meat. It is also available to us in green leafy vegetables like spinach. You can also get it from
cereals like wheat germ. It is readily available in nutritional yeast, nuts and seeds, which have
plenty of vitamin B complex. Also, fruits such as citrus fruits, banana and watermelon contain
good quantities of Vitamin B complex.
Do we need vitamin B complex supplementation?
As we have seen most of us get it from our daily food and we do not need supplementation.
There are certain situations where you might need to supplement particularly those who suffer
from chronic alcoholism. Additionally, pregnant ladies may need extra folic acid so that they can
have healthy babies. Those who eat a purely vegetarian diet can sometimes be nutritionally
deficient and sometimes they may be deficient in Vitamin B.
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Want to get the quick facts about mental illness? Watch this video to learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Click to read more: https://mrkmnls.co/2Y80A3J
About The Merck Manuals:
First published in 1899 as a small reference book for physicians and pharmacists, The Merck Manual grew in size and scope to become one of the world’s most widely used comprehensive medical resources for professionals and consumers. As The Manual evolved, it continually expanded the reach and depth of its offerings to reflect the mission of providing the best medical information to a wide cross-section of users, including medical professionals and students, veterinarians and veterinary students, and consumers.
• Merck Manual Consumer Version: http://www.MerckManuals.com/Home
• Facebook for Consumers: https://www.facebook.com/MerckManualHomeUS
• Twitter for Consumers: http://www.Twitter.com/MerckManualHome
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At Mass General, we know that staying active is important especially during COVID-19 so it’s important to address knee, hip or shoulder pain. In this video, Dr. Miho Tanaka shares the importance of taking care of joint pain, so you can stay active during this time. The health and safety of our patients is our highest concern.
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