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Vitamin B Deficiency: Everything You Need To Know

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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:00 Benefits and signs of deficiency
1:04 Benefits of vitamin B6
1:32 Signs of B6 deficiency
2:13 Benefits of vitamin B9(folate or folic acid)
2:34 Signs of vitaminB9 deficiency
2:49 Benefits of vitamin B12
3:12 Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency
3:34 Causes of Vitamin B Deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin B12.[5] Symptoms can vary from none to severe.[1] Mild deficiency may have few or absent symptoms.[1] In moderate deficiency, feeling tired, anemia, soreness of the tongue, mouth ulcers, breathlessness, feeling faint, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, pallor, hair loss, decreased ability to think and severe joint pain and the beginning of neurological symptoms, including abnormal sensations such as pins and needles, numbness and tinnitus may occur.[1] Severe deficiency may include symptoms of reduced heart function as well as more severe neurological symptoms, including changes in reflexes, poor muscle function, memory problems, blurred vision, irritability, ataxia, decreased taste and smell, decreased level of consciousness, depression, anxiety, guilt and psychosis.[1] If left untreated, some of these changes can become permanent.[1][6] Temporary infertility reversible with treatment, may occur.[1][7] In exclusively breastfed infants of vegan mothers, undetected and untreated deficiency can lead to poor growth, poor development, and difficulties with movement.[2]

Causes are usually related to conditions that give rise to malabsorption of vitamin B12 particularly autoimmune gastritis in pernicious anemia.[8] Other conditions giving rise to malabsorption include surgical removal of the stomach, chronic inflammation of the pancreas, intestinal parasites, certain medications such as long-term use of proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor blockers, and metformin, and some genetic disorders.[1][9] Deficiency can also be caused by inadequate dietary intake such as with the diets of vegetarians, and vegans, and in the malnourished.[1][10] Deficiency may be caused by increased needs of the body for example in those with HIV/AIDS, and shortened red blood cell lifespan.[1] Diagnosis is typically based on blood levels of vitamin B12 below 150–180 pmol/L (200 to 250 pg/mL) in adults.[2] A false high or normal assay may be observed.[11] Elevated methylmalonic acid levels may also indicate a deficiency.[2] A type of anemia known as megaloblastic anemia is often but not always present.[2] Individuals with low or marginal values of vitamin B12 in the range of 148–221 pmol/L (200–300 pg/mL) may not have classic neurological or hematological signs or symptoms.[2]

Treatment is by vitamin B12 supplementation, either by mouth or by injection.[3] Initially in high daily doses, followed by less frequent lower doses, as the condition improves.[3] If a reversible cause is found, that cause should be corrected if possible.[12] If no reversible cause is found, or when found it cannot be eliminated, lifelong vitamin B12 administration is usually recommended.[13] A nasal spray is also available.[2] Vitamin B12 deficiency is preventable with supplements, which are recommended for pregnant vegetarians and vegans, and not harmful in others.[2] Risk of toxicity due to vitamin B12 is low.[2]

Vitamin B12 deficiency in the US and the UK is estimated to occur in about 6 percent of those under the age of 60, and 20 percent of those over the age of 60.[4] In Latin America, about 40 percent are estimated to be affected, and this may be as high as 80 percent in parts of Africa and Asia.[1] Marginal deficiency is much more common and may occur in up to 40% of Western populations.[2]

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms | B12 Deficiency | Vitamin B12 – All You Need to Know

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Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms | B12 Deficiency | Vitamin B12 – All You Need to Know | 10 warning signs of vitamin b12 deficiency

Vitamin B12 is necessary for DNA synthesis, energy production, and central nervous system function .

B12 insufficiency and deficiency is often due to limited dietary intake, malabsorption, certain medical conditions, or the use of B12-depleting medications.

Ability to absorb B12 from food declines with age; therefore it is more common in older adults. It is also common in pregnancy and can be seen in young adults and children.

In this video we have discussed about the most common signs & symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Fatigue & Tired:

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause Weakness, tiredness, or lightheadedness

Glossitis:

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause Red, painful, and inflammed tongue. This condition is called Hunter’s glossitis or Moeller’s glossitis. This can be an early sign of Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Paresthesia in hands & feet:

Paresthesia is a medical term that refers to a burning or pins-and-needles sensation in certain areas of the body, like the hands and feet.
Many adults and kids who have B12 deficiency report experiencing paresthesia

People with diabetes taking metformin are at a higher risk of developing B12 deficiency, because this medication can reduce vitamin B12 absorption in the body

Depression:

Vitamin B12 deficiency is also associated with a risk of developing depression. Vitamin B12 is a needed for our central nervous system development.

Low or deficient B12 levels may lead to other mental conditions, including psychosis and mood disorders

Difficulty concentrating and mental impairment:

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause concentration problem and it is more common in older people.

Gastrointestinal problems:

A B12 deficiency may also cause diarrhea, nausea, constipation, bloating, gas, and other gastrointestinal symptoms

Headache:

Headaches are amongst the most commonly reported symptoms related to B12 deficiency in both adults and kids.

Muscle cramps and muscle weakness. B12 deficiency negatively impacts motor and sensory nerve function, which can cause muscle cramps and weakness

Impaired coordination. A person with B12 deficiency may have difficulty walking and balancing

Erectile dysfunction. Men with B12 deficiency may experience erectile dysfunction as a result of increased levels of homocysteine in the body

Vision disturbances. B12 deficiency may cause vision disturbances, possibly due to damage to the optic nerve

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Medical disclaimer: Medinaz Academy does not provide medical advice. The content available in our books and videos, on our website, or on our social media handles do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. We intend to provide educational information only. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.